The Role of Intellectuals in Ethiopia’s Modernization Process: A Case Study of Ethiopian Philosopher Gebrehiwot Baykedagn

Abstract

Modernity is associated with human freedom, social change, and a sense of conscience. Modernity is a catalyst for freedom. It is also based on the idea that people can use reason to free themselves from culture and gain a better understanding of themselves and their surroundings. Although modernity is considered inseparable from Western civilization, the concept of modernity is reflected in different parts of the world. Throughout human history, the idea of modernity has been passed down from generation to generation. Thus, each community strives to demonstrate its increasing modernity and commitment to change. The manifestations of modern ideas in Ethiopian history naturally vary. As a result, we find diverse ideas in art, philosophy, social critique, and modern education. This study answers the question of the role of intellectuals in the modernization process of Ethiopian history, politics, economy, culture, and ideology. Ethiopian intellectual Gebrehiwot Baykedagn sought to develop a path of progress that combined native art with Western civilization. Gebrehiwot struggled to see his country modernize while maintaining its cultural and political independence.