GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AND INSECURITY IN WEST AFRICA, THE CASE OF MALİ

Abstract

The West African region is characterized by a pervasive atmosphere of insecurity, with a prevalence of armed conflicts, terrorism, illicit trade and international tensions. The region is of significant geopolitical importance, with numerous countries possessing interests in its abundant natural resources. This has led to a proliferation of diplomatic relations between West African countries and external powers, including France, the United States and Russia. However, as has been previously observed, the region is often constrained by a lack of security and the proliferation of terrorist groups. As in the case of Mali, where rebel and terrorist groups have become particularly strong and have caused the whole Sahel region to experience insurgencies. The interventions of France, the United States and Ecowas have helped to some extent, but in some periods have worsened the situation. 2012 was the year when terrorist groups such as the MNLA, MUJAO or AQMI gained strength and controlled the north of Mali. In order to gain an understanding of the origins of these issues, it is necessary to examine the historical context in which they emerged.